Do we believe in a system of morality imposed by a divine being, or do people have their own moral compass? Within the financial sector, the question of whether morality is imposed from on high or comes from within is a topical issue. Could the differences between these views lead to different outcomes? Consider the following.

The western and Islamic worlds have their own way of introducing norms and values in banking, finance and investments. These two cultures differ, however, in terms of the process by which this is done and the themes. Prohibitions on investing in arms manufacturing, alcohol, gambling, prostitution and child labour are not entirely dissimilar. Western supporters of sustainability can happily live with such Islamic concepts, although the prohibition on pork is a different matter. However, a prohibition on paying interest goes too far for western tastes, while Islamic thinkers are notably absent from the genuine debate on sustainability and how to ensure our planet's survival.