The UK's Pension Protection Fund has improved the responsible investment credentials of almost a third of its fund managers in the past three years, suggesting a concerted effort by UK politicians and regulators to get fund managers to focus on these issues is bearing some fruit.

The £12bn PPF has been running a system of responsible investment ratings for three years, according to investment manager Ebba Schmidt, ranking them either "green", "amber" or "red". This forms part of the fund's overall rating system for external fund managers, which has a number of criteria.