Investment performance from alleged fraudster Bernard Madoff looked "suspiciously if not laughably artificial," according to research from Swiss bank Credit Suisse, which said its high returns and unusually low volatility was "the universal siren call that lured investors to their doom".

Fairfield Sentry, one of the fund of hedge funds that fed into Madoff's strategy, said in investor documents that Madoff made an annualised return of 11.2% with an annualised volatility on 2.5%.