Employee recklessness and poor staff training are the most common reasons for UK-based banks to be fined, according to analysis of regulatory enforcement activity seen by Financial News.

Regulatory technology firm Enforcd has collated data on all fines levied against financial institutions in the UK by the Financial Conduct Authority, its predecessor the Financial Services Authority, and the Prudential Regulatory Authority. Financial News analysed the penalties issued to banks in the years from the start of the financial crisis.