A federal judge hammered Apple for violating an antitrust ruling related to App Store restrictions and took the extraordinary step of referring the matter to federal prosecutors for a criminal contempt investigation.

“Apple willfully chose not to comply with this court’s injunction,” Judge Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers said in a ruling late Wednesday that specifically chided Chief Executive Officer Tim Cook and alleged that another company executive lied under oath. “It did so with the express intent to create new anticompetitive barriers.”